%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Waqas Hameed, Bilal Iqbal Avan
Women's experiences of mistreatment during childbirth: A comparative view of home- and facility-based births in Pakistan
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 11 0 R/Contents 12 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
11 0 obj
[13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R]
endobj
13 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref001)>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref001)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref002)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref001)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref003)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref004)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref004)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref005)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref006)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref007)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref008)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref005)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref009)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref020)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref021)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref022)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref012)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref021)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref023)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref023)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref006)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref024)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref025)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref027)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref009)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref011)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref013)>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref017)>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref019)>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 43 0 R>>
endobj
43 0 obj
<>
endobj
12 0 obj
[44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R]
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.45 0.36 0.35 0.01 k
0 w
575.9997 520.1144 m
199.9998 520.1144 l
199.9998 520.6144 l
575.9997 520.6144 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
513.1276 419.9244 m
517.8898 419.9244 l
h
f*
526.9039 419.9244 m
531.6661 419.9244 l
h
f*
328.1386 393.9024 m
332.9008 393.9024 l
h
f*
548.1638 393.9024 m
552.926 393.9024 l
h
f*
539.8299 354.8976 m
544.5921 354.8976 l
h
f*
546.8598 354.8976 m
551.622 354.8976 l
h
f*
203.4142 315.9496 m
208.1764 315.9496 l
h
f*
421.4551 302.9102 m
426.2173 302.9102 l
h
f*
428.485 302.9102 m
433.2472 302.9102 l
h
f*
558.085 276.9449 m
562.8472 276.9449 l
h
f*
565.115 276.9449 m
569.8772 276.9449 l
h
f*
306.5953 263.9055 m
311.3575 263.9055 l
h
f*
313.5685 263.9055 m
318.3307 263.9055 l
h
f*
323.5465 263.9055 m
333.0142 263.9055 l
h
f*
277.1717 211.9181 m
286.526 211.9181 l
h
f*
221.4992 198.9354 m
230.9102 198.9354 l
h
f*
533.2535 198.9354 m
542.6646 198.9354 l
h
f*
544.8189 198.9354 m
554.2299 198.9354 l
h
f*
311.5843 185.8961 m
320.9953 185.8961 l
h
f*
244.5732 172.9134 m
253.9843 172.9134 l
h
f*
237.7134 159.9307 m
242.4189 159.9307 l
h
f*
551.1118 146.948 m
560.5228 146.948 l
h
f*
540.4535 133.9087 m
550.2614 133.9087 l
h
f*
555.5906 133.9087 m
565.3417 133.9087 l
h
f*
231.2504 94.9039 m
236.1827 94.9039 l
h
f*
241.4551 94.9039 m
251.263 94.9039 l
h
f*
253.6441 94.9039 m
263.452 94.9039 l
h
f*
268.7811 94.9039 m
278.5323 94.9039 l
h
f*
280.9701 94.9039 m
290.7213 94.9039 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
9.5 0 0 9.5 200.0125 707.7543 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0042 Tc
0 0 Td
(opposed)Tj
4.0102 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0444 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7698 0 Td
(general)Tj
3.509 0 Td
(physician)Tj
4.3325 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F5 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F0 1 Tf
1.1159 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7997 0 Td
(0.94,)Tj
2.4229 0 Td
(95%)Tj
2.202 0 Td
(CI)Tj
1.2115 0 Td
(0.13,)Tj
2.4228 0 Td
(1.75\).)Tj
2.7511 0 Td
(Sub-group)Tj
4.8338 0 Td
(analyses)Tj
4.1177 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.5433 -1.474 Td
(home-based)Tj
5.717 0 Td
(births)Tj
2.6377 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.1594 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5934 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.6496 0 Td
(significant)Tj
4.6071 0 Td
(associations)Tj
5.6573 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9753 0 Td
(mistreatment,)Tj
6.2243 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9812 0 Td
(eth-)Tj
-37.2023 -1.474 Td
(nicity)Tj
2.4706 0 Td
(included.)Tj
4.1654 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.0443 0 Td
(facility-based)Tj
5.9856 0 Td
(births,)Tj
2.9122 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.4706 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.9813 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7698 0 Td
(significant)Tj
4.607 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
5.2635 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9566 0 Td
(women's)Tj
-35.6269 -1.474 Td
(employment)Tj
5.6095 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8679 0 Td
(empowerment)Tj
6.4988 0 Td
(status)Tj
2.8645 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8678 0 Td
(mistreatment.)Tj
6.2243 0 Td
(Women)Tj
3.6403 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9753 0 Td
(prior)Tj
2.1961 0 Td
(education)Tj
4.4996 0 Td
(on)Tj
-37.2441 -1.474 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1364 0 Td
(preparednes)Tj
5.5499 0 Td
(s)Tj
0.7161 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.3632 0 Td
(less)Tj
1.9753 0 Td
(likely)Tj
2.405 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0443 0 Td
(experience)Tj
5.0546 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.9438 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.6249 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0444 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.6377 0 Td
(who)Tj
2.0349 0 Td
(had)Tj
-37.5305 -1.474 Td
(received)Tj
3.9505 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.3189 0 Td
(previous)Tj
3.9506 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1424 0 Td
(preparedness)Tj
6.26 0 Td
(education.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.4998 0 0 11.4998 200.0125 606.6141 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0035 Tc
0 0 Td
(Conclusion)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
9.5 0 0 9.5 200.0125 589.6062 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0042 Tc
0 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.0443 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.5243 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0503 0 Td
(promote)Tj
3.8492 0 Td
(care)Tj
2.1423 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.8739 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.9309 0 Td
(woman-centred)Tj
7.0419 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8678 0 Td
(provided)Tj
4.0043 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9847 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7639 0 Td
(respectful)Tj
4.5115 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8619 0 Td
(culturally)Tj
-34.4512 -1.474 Td
(appropriate)Tj
5.2097 0 Td
(manner,)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(service)Tj
3.3479 0 Td
(providers)Tj
4.2847 0 Td
(should)Tj
3.1271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.3189 0 Td
(cognisant)Tj
4.4459 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0443 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5993 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.3001 0 Td
(situation)Tj
3.8969 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.4299 -1.474 Td
(ensure)Tj
3.2344 0 Td
(provision)Tj
4.1654 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0444 0 Td
(quality)Tj
3.0674 0 Td
(antenatal)Tj
4.2788 0 Td
(care.)Tj
2.4169 0 Td
(At)Tj
1.1577 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(community)Tj
5.0128 0 Td
(level,)Tj
2.5184 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.4075 0 Td
(should)Tj
3.1211 0 Td
(seek)Tj
2.3095 0 Td
(ante-)Tj
-37.3217 -1.474 Td
(natal)Tj
2.3572 0 Td
(care)Tj
2.1424 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3785 0 Td
(improved)Tj
4.2848 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1424 0 Td
(preparedness,)Tj
6.5345 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.4647 0 Td
(at)Tj
1.0443 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5994 0 Td
(interpersonal)Tj
5.9199 0 Td
(level)Tj
2.2438 0 Td
(strategies)Tj
4.5116 0 Td
(should)Tj
-36.6235 -1.474 Td
(be)Tj
1.3188 0 Td
(devised)Tj
3.6224 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0443 0 Td
(leverage)Tj
4.0043 0 Td
(women's)Tj
4.1237 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.7331 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0503 0 Td
(participate)Tj
4.7742 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9846 0 Td
(key)Tj
1.7605 0 Td
(household)Tj
4.7741 0 Td
(decisions.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 463.9748 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Introduction)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 447.0236 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(achieve)Tj
3.1747 0 Td
(Millennium)Tj
5.006 0 Td
(Development)Tj
5.6182 0 Td
(Goal)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(5)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(\(MDG\),)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(around)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(world)Tj
-33.1934 -1.3039 Td
(focused)Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(considerable)Tj
5.261 0 Td
(efforts)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(increasing)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(coverage)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(skilled)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(delivery)Tj
3.3903 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(59%)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.6085 -1.2982 Td
(71%.)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(As)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(result,)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(maternal)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(fell)Tj
1.4229 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(nearly)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(50%)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(1990)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(2013[)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
3.2768 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(How-)Tj
-33.9475 -1.2983 Td
(ever,)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(estimated)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(303,000)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(still)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(die)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(preventable)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(causes)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(preg-)Tj
-34.8602 -1.3039 Td
(nancy)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(year)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(Most)Tj
2.2791 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(deaths)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(occur)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(developing)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-34.4747 -1.2983 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(unfinished)Tj
4.507 0 Td
(agenda)Tj
3.0558 0 Td
(requires)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(renewed)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(efforts)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(Sustainable)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(Development)Tj
5.6182 0 Td
(Goal)Tj
-33.8454 -1.2982 Td
(\(SDG\))Tj
2.8289 0 Td
(agenda,)Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(special)Tj
2.8913 0 Td
(focus)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(ensuring)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(provision)Tj
4.0195 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(quality)Tj
2.9593 0 Td
(maternal)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(newborn)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(care)Tj
-35.6539 -1.304 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(clinically)Tj
3.7813 0 Td
(appropriate)Tj
4.8756 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(respectful)Tj
4.0989 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(dignified)Tj
3.804 0 Td
(manner)Tj
3.3676 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(3)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-32.4508 -1.2982 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(World)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(Health)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(Organization)Tj
5.5218 0 Td
(\(WHO\))Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(states)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(every)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(woman)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(high-)Tj
-35.4215 -1.2983 Td
(est)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(attainable)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(standard)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(health,)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(includes)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(dignified,)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(respectful)Tj
4.0989 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(care)Tj
-34.6958 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(Mistreatment)Tj
5.6579 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(potentially)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(deter)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(seeking)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(medical)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(in)Tj
-36.5666 -1.3039 Td
(future,)Tj
2.8799 0 Td
(leading)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(severely)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(negative)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(implications)Tj
5.176 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(Mistreatment)Tj
5.6579 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.184 0 Td
(is)Tj
-36.8785 -1.2982 Td
(not)Tj
1.5703 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(new)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(phenomenon.)Tj
5.8166 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7043 0 Td
(years,)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(gained)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(widespread)Tj
4.7565 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(across)Tj
-34.0438 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(international)Tj
5.4141 0 Td
(community.)Tj
5.108 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(issue)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(formally)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(prompted)Tj
4.2066 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(rights)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(reports)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
-35.4668 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(today,)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(several)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(confirm)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(across)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(globe)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(frequently)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(experience)Tj
-33.1141 -1.2983 Td
(disrespectful)Tj
5.2553 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(abusive)Tj
3.1974 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(childbirth.)Tj
-0.01 Tc
-13.7819 -1.2982 Td
(This)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.5105 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(immediate)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7122 0 Td
(long-term)Tj
4.1952 0 Td
(consequences:)Tj
5.845 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.372 0 Td
(example,)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(denial)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.2435 -1.304 Td
(pain)Tj
1.9615 0 Td
(relief)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(medication,)Tj
4.8925 0 Td
(episiotomy)Tj
4.5864 0 Td
(\(without)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(anaesthesia\))Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(physical)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(abuse)Tj
2.4434 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(cause)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(extreme)Tj
-33.7944 -1.2982 Td
(pain)Tj
1.9615 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(suffering)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(lead)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(adverse)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(psychological)Tj
5.5218 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(re-traumatisa-)Tj
-31.1865 -1.2983 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8141 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(22)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(post-traumatic)Tj
6.0434 0 Td
(stress)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(symptoms,)Tj
4.5298 0 Td
(sleeping)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(problems,)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(poor)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(self-rated)Tj
3.8835 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6418 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.977 -1.3039 Td
(feelings)Tj
3.1917 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(dehumanisation)Tj
6.6274 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7518 0 Td
(could)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(distorted)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(perception)Tj
4.456 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7122 0 Td
(fear)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.7355 -1.2983 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1215 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(encounters)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(deter)Tj
2.2336 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1827 0 Td
(seeking)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(maternity)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1826 0 Td
(health)Tj
-34.0778 -1.2982 Td
(facilities)Tj
3.4355 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(As)Tj
1.2529 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(result,)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(resort)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(home)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(births,)Tj
2.7326 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(relying)Tj
2.9536 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2643 0 Td
(unskilled)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(profession-)Tj
-33.1084 -1.2983 Td
(als.)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9616 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(turn)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(increases)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(chances)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(maternal)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(morbidity)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(mortality)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
0.01 Tc
-33.579 -1.3039 Td
(Although)Tj
4.1158 0 Td
(several)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(studies)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(attempted)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0545 0 Td
(define)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(phenomenon)Tj
5.7316 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0602 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(past)Tj
1.8878 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
-33.6923 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(issue)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(requires)Tj
3.5829 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(exploration)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0488 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(lack)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(consensus)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(definition)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(mis-)Tj
-34.4747 -1.2983 Td
(treatment.)Tj
4.5013 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(majority)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.5524 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.304 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.7543 0 Td
(during)Tj
3.0103 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8787 0 Td
(from)Tj
-34.5937 -1.3039 Td
(Africa)Tj
2.7722 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
6.8768 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(minimal)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(South)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(Asian)Tj
2.5852 0 Td
(region.)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(To)Tj
1.3663 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(best)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.943 -1.2982 Td
(our)Tj
1.6667 0 Td
(knowledge,)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8787 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(formal)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(available)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(topic)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0602 0 Td
(Pakistan.)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(Notably,)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(the)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 434.0409 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Mistreatm)Tj
4.3228 0 Td
(ent)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.941 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.978 0 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01946)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(01)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9622 0 Td
(16,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.3562 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
47 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
48 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(17)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 69 0 R/Contents 70 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
69 0 obj
[71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R]
endobj
71 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref028)>>
endobj
72 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref030)>>
endobj
73 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref028)>>
endobj
74 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref031)>>
endobj
75 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref032)>>
endobj
76 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref005)>>
endobj
77 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref028)>>
endobj
78 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref033)>>
endobj
79 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref034)>>
endobj
80 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref035)>>
endobj
81 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref036)>>
endobj
82 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref037)>>
endobj
83 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref035)>>
endobj
84 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref038)>>
endobj
85 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref036)>>
endobj
86 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref038)>>
endobj
87 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref041)>>
endobj
88 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref042)>>
endobj
89 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref047)>>
endobj
90 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 91 0 R>>
endobj
91 0 obj
<>
endobj
70 0 obj
[92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R]
endobj
92 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
360.7937 680.315 m
370.6016 680.315 l
h
f*
375.874 680.315 m
385.6819 680.315 l
h
f*
203.5276 654.3496 m
213.3354 654.3496 l
h
f*
215.7165 654.3496 m
225.5244 654.3496 l
h
f*
227.9055 654.3496 m
237.7134 654.3496 l
h
f*
270.4252 641.3102 m
275.3008 641.3102 l
h
f*
277.7386 641.3102 m
287.4898 641.3102 l
h
f*
253.9276 602.3055 m
263.3953 602.3055 l
h
f*
411.5339 478.2047 m
421.0016 478.2047 l
h
f*
257.8961 465.1654 m
267.4205 465.1654 l
h
f*
413.0646 452.1827 m
422.5323 452.1827 l
h
f*
424.8 452.1827 m
434.3244 452.1827 l
h
f*
301.7197 400.1953 m
311.2441 400.1953 l
h
f*
313.5118 400.1953 m
323.0362 400.1953 l
h
f*
247.2945 374.1732 m
256.8189 374.1732 l
h
f*
259.0299 374.1732 m
268.5543 374.1732 l
h
f*
273.7134 374.1732 m
283.2378 374.1732 l
h
f*
506.6646 361.1906 m
516.189 361.1906 l
h
f*
521.4047 361.1906 m
530.8724 361.1906 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
0.01 Tc
0 0 Td
(focus)Tj
2.398 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(revolves)Tj
3.5716 0 Td
(heavily)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(around)Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(childbirths)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.5524 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0601 0 Td
(facility-based)Tj
5.6976 0 Td
(set-)Tj
-35.8296 -1.3039 Td
(tings.)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(This)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(focus)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8787 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2983 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(argument)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.7487 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8787 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(prevalent)Tj
4.0649 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0601 0 Td
(facility-)Tj
-33.3465 -1.2982 Td
(based)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(births)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.7404 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0545 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(medicalisation)Tj
6.2419 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(30)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0431 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.3256 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(impersonal)Tj
4.8529 0 Td
(environment)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(at)Tj
-36.7197 -1.2983 Td
(facilities.)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(This)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(argument)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(states)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(that,)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0658 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.4287 0 Td
(delivering)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2711 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0545 0 Td
(regain)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(autonomy)Tj
-33.3465 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(31)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(32)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
4.5807 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(opt)Tj
1.5818 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.4286 0 Td
(home)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(births,)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4911 0 Td
(viewed)Tj
3.084 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(women-centred)Tj
6.7521 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(cultur-)Tj
-34.2649 -1.3039 Td
(ally)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(appropriate)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8731 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(systematic)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(assessment)Tj
4.7508 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(home-based)Tj
5.2384 0 Td
(births)Tj
-33.8001 -1.2982 Td
(related)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0545 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5136 0 Td
(paradigm)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(respectful)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(care.)Tj
-0.004 Tc
-13.8613 -1.2983 Td
(Bearing)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(mind)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(majority)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(low-income)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(developing)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(countries)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(have)Tj
-33.6016 -1.3039 Td
(home)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(births)Tj
2.5569 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(33)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8503 0 Td
(equally)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(ascertain)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(giving)Tj
2.6873 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9467 0 Td
(home)Tj
-33.4145 -1.2983 Td
(receive)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(respectful)Tj
4.0988 0 Td
(care.)Tj
-5.9073 -1.2983 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(light)Tj
2.024 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(dire)Tj
1.8142 0 Td
(need)Tj
2.1429 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(disrespectful)Tj
5.2554 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(abusive)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(maternity)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(care,)Tj
2.0977 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(paper)Tj
-35.2344 -1.3039 Td
(estimated)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(prevalence)Tj
4.4901 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(types)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(towards)Tj
3.4015 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2032 0 Td
(giving)Tj
-33.8341 -1.2982 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(facility-)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(home-based)Tj
5.1023 0 Td
(settings.)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(Secondly,)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(association)Tj
-30.2851 -1.2983 Td
(between)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(demographics)Tj
5.8677 0 Td
(\(socio-demographic,)Tj
8.4812 0 Td
(reproductive)Tj
5.3348 0 Td
(history)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(empowerment)Tj
6.0547 0 Td
(status\))Tj
-34.0041 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(mistreatment,)Tj
5.811 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(general)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(place)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(\(home-)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(facility-based\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 496.2897 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Country)Tj
3.7228 0 Td
(context)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 479.2818 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
3.6169 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(estimated)Tj
4.0761 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5865 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(184)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(million)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(34)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(65%)Tj
1.9333 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5864 0 Td
(residing)Tj
-33.6583 -1.3039 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(rural)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(35)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(seen)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(limited)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(success)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(select)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(issues;)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(how-)Tj
-35.0133 -1.2982 Td
(ever,)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(failed)Tj
2.4095 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(achieve)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(MDG)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(5)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(indicators)Tj
4.2293 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(36)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(37)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(Approximately)Tj
6.2306 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(four)Tj
-33.1764 -1.2983 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(do)Tj
1.2529 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(receive)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.6555 0 Td
(antenatal)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(\(ANC\),)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(52%)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(give)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(home)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(assisted)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(skilled)Tj
-33.4996 -1.2983 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(attendants)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(\(SBA\),)Tj
2.8629 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(62%)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(receive)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(postnatal)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(check-up)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(\(PNC\))Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(delivery.)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(Despite)Tj
-33.0517 -1.3039 Td
(having)Tj
2.9139 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(public-sector)Tj
5.4425 0 Td
(healthcare)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(system,)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(15%)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(childbirths)Tj
4.5411 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(take)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(place)Tj
-34.6561 -1.2982 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(public)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(facilities)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(35)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(38)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(Factors)Tj
3.1464 0 Td
(impeding)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(improved)Tj
4.1103 0 Td
(maternal)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(newborn)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(health)Tj
-33.732 -1.2983 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(include)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(structural)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(socio-cultural)Tj
5.7146 0 Td
(issues)Tj
2.5172 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(access,)Tj
2.8686 0 Td
(prohibitive)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(cost)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(qual-)Tj
-35.4271 -1.3039 Td
(ity-of-care)Tj
4.388 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(36)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(38)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(41)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
4.7224 0 Td
(Quality)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8766 0 Td
(issues)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(providers')Tj
4.2349 0 Td
(technical)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(incompetence)Tj
5.845 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.2718 -1.2983 Td
(scarce)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(resources)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(compromised)Tj
5.7657 0 Td
(interpersonal)Tj
5.5388 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(healthcare)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(facilities)Tj
3.498 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(42)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(47)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 333.1275 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Methods)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
0 -1.4976 Td
(Design)Tj
3.1228 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7906 0 Td
(setting)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 298.148 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(women's)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(experiences)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(part)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(larger)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(population-based,)Tj
7.4153 0 Td
(cross-)Tj
-34.7978 -1.3039 Td
(sectional)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(survey)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(April-May)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(2013)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(across)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(14)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(districts)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(Sindh)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(Province)Tj
3.77 0 Td
(\(Jam-)Tj
-35.0756 -1.2982 Td
(shoro,)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(Matiari,)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(Ghotki,)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(Shikarpur,)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(Jacobabad,)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(Khairpur,)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(Qambar)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(Shahdadkot,)Tj
5.2043 0 Td
(Larkana,)Tj
3.7021 0 Td
(Tando)Tj
-34.9396 -1.2983 Td
(Alayar,)Tj
3.067 0 Td
(Naushero)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(Feroze,)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(Karachi\))Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(Punjab)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(Province)Tj
3.77 0 Td
(\(Dera)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(Ghazi)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(Khan,)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(Rahim)Tj
2.8913 0 Td
(Yar)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(Khan,)Tj
-34.8148 -1.2983 Td
(Rajanpur\))Tj
4.2632 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(Pakistan.)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(districts)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.44 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(marginalised)Tj
5.3745 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(districts)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(selected)Tj
-34.469 -1.3039 Td
(provinces)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(chosen)Tj
3.016 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(new)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(project)Tj
3.016 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(maternal)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(reproductive)Tj
5.3291 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(was)Tj
-34.6391 -1.2982 Td
(due)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(implemented)Tj
5.5388 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(districts.)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(Interviews)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(regarding)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.5843 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
-33.3182 -1.2983 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4276 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(aged)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(1549)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(live)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1884 0 Td
(over)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(past)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(12)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(months.)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(A)Tj
-36.2265 -1.3039 Td
(total)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(1,334)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(met)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(eligibility)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(criteria.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 164.9763 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Sampling)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 148.0251 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Data)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(collected)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(catchment)Tj
4.4163 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(50)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(public)Tj
2.7042 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(50)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(private)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(healthcare)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(facilities)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
(that)Tj
-35.7559 -1.3039 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(larger)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(maternal)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(reproductive)Tj
5.3291 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(programme.)Tj
5.1703 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(facili-)Tj
-34.8092 -1.2982 Td
(ties)Tj
1.5703 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(located)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(remote)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(criteria)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(situated)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(at)Tj
-35.6709 -1.2983 Td
(least)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(50)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(kilometres)Tj
4.4333 0 Td
(away)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(district)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(head)Tj
2.1317 0 Td
(quarter)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(hospital)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(service)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(provider)Tj
-31.3339 -1.3039 Td
(showed)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(willingness)Tj
4.6375 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(family)Tj
2.7326 0 Td
(planning)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(services.)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(Each)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(facility)Tj
2.897 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(separate)Tj
-32.3714 -1.2983 Td
(catchment)Tj
4.4106 0 Td
(population.)Tj
4.8132 0 Td
(Service)Tj
3.0558 0 Td
(coverage)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(58)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(kilometres)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(radius)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(mapped)Tj
3.4583 0 Td
(around)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 434.0409 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Mistreatm)Tj
4.3228 0 Td
(ent)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.941 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.978 0 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01946)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(01)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9622 0 Td
(16,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.3562 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
93 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
94 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
95 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
96 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
97 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
98 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
99 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
100 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
101 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
102 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
103 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
104 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
105 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
106 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
107 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
108 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
109 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
110 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(17)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
111 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 112 0 R/Contents 113 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
112 0 obj
[114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R]
endobj
114 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref048)>>
endobj
115 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref006)>>
endobj
116 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref025)>>
endobj
117 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 118 0 R>>
endobj
118 0 obj
<>
endobj
113 0 obj
[119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R]
endobj
119 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
313.3984 641.3102 m
322.9228 641.3102 l
h
f*
406.4882 415.8425 m
411.137 415.8425 l
h
f*
553.3228 376.8378 m
562.6772 376.8378 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(facility.)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(classified)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(clusters)Tj
3.2314 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(`villages')Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(rural)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(set-)Tj
-36.1641 -1.3039 Td
(tings)Tj
2.1599 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(`blocks')Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(peri-urban)Tj
4.5411 0 Td
(settings.)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(Thereafter,)Tj
4.6147 0 Td
(one-quarter)Tj
4.9833 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(clusters)Tj
3.2372 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(randomly)Tj
-33.5733 -1.2982 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3448 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(catchment)Tj
4.4163 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.024 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(facility.)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(clus-)Tj
-34.8319 -1.2983 Td
(ters)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(estimated)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(crowd)Tj
2.7326 0 Td
(sourcing)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(least)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(five)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(respondents)Tj
5.108 0 Td
(residing)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(their)Tj
-33.8908 -1.2983 Td
(respective)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(clusters.)Tj
3.4582 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(matched)Tj
3.6793 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(records)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(available)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(government)Tj
-30.801 -1.3039 Td
(community)Tj
4.8868 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(workers)Tj
3.4356 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(48)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(probability)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(proportional)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(size)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(\(PPS\))Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(technique)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(was)Tj
-34.1345 -1.2982 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(distribute)Tj
4.0706 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(sample)Tj
3.0218 0 Td
(across)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(health)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(facilities.)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7859 0 Td
(selection)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(households)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(fol-)Tj
-34.3613 -1.2983 Td
(lowed)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(systematic)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(sampling.)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(household)Tj
4.3767 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(`spin)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(bottle')Tj
2.7156 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(at)Tj
-36.7764 -1.3039 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(major)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(landmark)Tj
4.0988 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(cluster,)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(followed)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(selecting)Tj
3.6737 0 Td
(every)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(kth)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(\(approximately)Tj
6.3155 0 Td
(every)Tj
-34.0098 -1.2983 Td
(13)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 209.537 594.822 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(th)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 215.7165 590.4 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(\))Tj
0.5555 0 Td
(household.)Tj
4.6035 0 Td
(Within)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(household,)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(woman)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(meeting)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(criteria)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6952 0 Td
(invited)Tj
3.0103 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(par-)Tj
-35.1096 -1.2982 Td
(ticipate)Tj
3.1463 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(survey.)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(If)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(eligible)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(respondent)Tj
4.7452 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(household,)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(enu-)Tj
-34.4916 -1.3039 Td
(merators)Tj
3.8039 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3506 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(woman)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(whose)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(name)Tj
2.4492 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(closest)Tj
2.8459 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(alphabet)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(`A'.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 537.959 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Instrument)Tj
4.9937 0 Td
(development)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 520.9511 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.012 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7574 0 Td
(tool)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(measure)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.4878 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(developed)Tj
4.1953 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3527 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(two-phased)Tj
-31.4076 -1.3039 Td
(approach.)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(First,)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6349 0 Td
(comprehensive)Tj
6.1738 0 Td
(literature)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(review)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6667 0 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.3427 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2472 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.4765 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.8687 0 Td
(child-)Tj
-35.2911 -1.2982 Td
(birth.)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(From)Tj
2.4094 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(literature,)Tj
4.0195 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(indicators)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.092 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.092 0 Td
(reviewed)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(experts)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(with)Tj
-34.6504 -1.2983 Td
(vast)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(experience)Tj
4.4277 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(field)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(maternal)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(health.)Tj
2.846 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7575 0 Td
(refined)Tj
3.016 0 Td
(set)Tj
1.2813 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(indicators)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(translated)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.0926 -1.3039 Td
(pre-tested)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(districts:)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(Rawalpindi)Tj
4.6884 0 Td
(\(Punjab)Tj
3.3336 0 Td
(Province\))Tj
4.0421 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(Dadu)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(\(Sindh)Tj
2.863 0 Td
(Province\).)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(Based)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(on)Tj
-36.1925 -1.2983 Td
(experts')Tj
3.2314 0 Td
(feedback)Tj
3.6794 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(pre-test)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(observations,)Tj
5.3801 0 Td
(some)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(questions)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0863 0 Td
(rephrased)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(sequentially)Tj
-31.3453 -1.2982 Td
(better)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(arranged)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3606 0 Td
(easy)Tj
1.8595 0 Td
(administration.)Tj
6.2759 0 Td
(Importantly,)Tj
5.1874 0 Td
(questions)Tj
3.9514 0 Td
(pertaining)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(sexual)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(abuse)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(were)Tj
-35.2117 -1.2983 Td
(excluded)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(high)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(degree)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(sensitivity.)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(total,)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1566 0 Td
(indicators)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(finally)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(retained)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(on)Tj
-36.3796 -1.3039 Td
(seven)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(behavioural)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(types)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.1691 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(Bowser)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(Hill)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(categories)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(reworked)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(as)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(fol-)Tj
-35.5745 -1.2983 Td
(lows:)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(physical)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(abuse,)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(verbal)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(abuse,)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(information,)Tj
5.2101 0 Td
(non-consented)Tj
6.1284 0 Td
(care,)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(non-confidential)Tj
-30.013 -1.2983 Td
(care,)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(discrimination)Tj
6.0151 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(abandonment)Tj
5.726 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(care.)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(indicators)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(focused)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2586 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(experiential)Tj
-31.1638 -1.3039 Td
(aspecti.e.)Tj
4.2462 0 Td
(women's)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(experiences)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(mistreatmentas)Tj
6.7748 0 Td
(defined)Tj
3.1691 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(Freedman)Tj
4.235 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(colleagues)Tj
4.1953 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-34.9963 -1.2982 Td
(The)Tj
1.7574 0 Td
(larger)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(survey)Tj
2.7665 0 Td
(questionnaire)Tj
5.6013 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(adapted)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(200607)Tj
3.5377 0 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(Demographic)Tj
5.6239 0 Td
(Health)Tj
-33.9418 -1.2983 Td
(Survey)Tj
2.8799 0 Td
(\(PDHS\))Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(instrument,)Tj
4.8189 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(consisted)Tj
3.8665 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(socio-demographic)Tj
7.7839 0 Td
(characteristics;)Tj
6.0037 0 Td
(information)Tj
-32.3544 -1.3039 Td
(received)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2586 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(preparedness)Tj
5.4028 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(essential)Tj
3.5092 0 Td
(postnatal/partum)Tj
7.0356 0 Td
(care;)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(women's)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(involvement)Tj
-32.0256 -1.2983 Td
(in)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(household)Tj
4.303 0 Td
(decision)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(making.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 299.4519 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Data)Tj
2.2441 0 Td
(collection)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7906 0 Td
(management)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 282.444 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Questionnaires)Tj
6.3042 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(translated)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(Urdu)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Sindhi,)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(collected)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(paper)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(forms)Tj
-34.8659 -1.2982 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(experienced)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(female)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(collectors)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(trained)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(administer)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(questionnaire.)Tj
5.9301 0 Td
(Data)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(collectors)Tj
-33.1878 -1.2983 Td
(conducted)Tj
4.4276 0 Td
(face-to-face)Tj
4.8643 0 Td
(interviews)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(participants')Tj
5.1703 0 Td
(homes)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(ensure)Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(privacy.)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(Data)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(double-)Tj
-34.1062 -1.3039 Td
(entered)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Epi-data)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(version)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(3.1.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 217.0204 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Measures)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 211.9748 200.0125 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Outcome)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(variables.)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
4.7565 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(outcome)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(variable)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(experiences)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
-31.9405 -1.3039 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(indicators)Tj
4.2236 0 Td
(classified)Tj
3.8211 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(seven)Tj
2.4264 0 Td
(behavioural)Tj
4.9209 0 Td
(types.)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(classifi-)Tj
-34.3329 -1.2982 Td
(cations)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(divided)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(follows:)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(\(1\))Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(Physical)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(abuse:)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(\(a\))Tj
1.3379 0 Td
(beating,)Tj
3.3845 0 Td
(\(b\))Tj
1.406 0 Td
(slapping,)Tj
3.8041 0 Td
(\(c\))Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(push)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(badly)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.0621 -1.2983 Td
(change)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(position,)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(\(d\))Tj
1.4286 0 Td
(pinch)Tj
2.5059 0 Td
(irritably;)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(\(II\))Tj
1.5817 0 Td
(Verbal)Tj
2.897 0 Td
(abuse:)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(\(a\))Tj
1.3322 0 Td
(pass)Tj
1.8936 0 Td
(insulting)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(degrading)Tj
4.2519 0 Td
(com-)Tj
-33.8567 -1.2983 Td
(ments,)Tj
2.8969 0 Td
(\(b\))Tj
1.406 0 Td
(harsh)Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(tone)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(shouting,)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(\(c\))Tj
1.3209 0 Td
(abusive)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(language,)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(\(d\))Tj
1.4287 0 Td
(threatening)Tj
4.8245 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(poor)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(outcomes;)Tj
-32.0596 -1.3039 Td
(\(III\))Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(Non-consented)Tj
6.4233 0 Td
(care:)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(\(a\))Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(perform)Tj
3.5149 0 Td
(procedure)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(without)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(consent,)Tj
3.5547 0 Td
(\(b\))Tj
1.4059 0 Td
(explain)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(about)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(proce-)Tj
-34.9849 -1.2982 Td
(dure)Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(delivery,)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(\(c\))Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(offer)Tj
2.0977 0 Td
(choices)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(regarding)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(births,)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(\(d\))Tj
1.4287 0 Td
(coercion)Tj
3.6906 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(undergo)Tj
3.5886 0 Td
(caesar-)Tj
-34.486 -1.2983 Td
(ean)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(section;)Tj
3.2712 0 Td
(\(IV\))Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(Right)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(information:)Tj
5.3007 0 Td
(\(a\))Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(share)Tj
2.3358 0 Td
(results/diagnosis)Tj
6.8768 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(medical)Tj
3.3618 0 Td
(reports,)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(\(b\))Tj
-33.783 -1.3039 Td
(encourage)Tj
4.3426 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(ask)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(questions,)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(\(c\))Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(regularly)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(share)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(progress)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(childbirth;)Tj
4.4107 0 Td
(\(V\))Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(Non-confidential)Tj
-29.1626 -1.2983 Td
(care:)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(\(a\))Tj
1.3322 0 Td
(privacy)Tj
3.1408 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(examination,)Tj
5.4595 0 Td
(\(b\))Tj
1.406 0 Td
(cover)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(woman)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(taking)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(labour)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(room,)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 434.0409 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Mistreatm)Tj
4.3228 0 Td
(ent)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.941 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.978 0 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01946)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(01)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9622 0 Td
(16,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.3562 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
120 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
121 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
122 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
123 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
124 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
125 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(17)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
126 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 127 0 R/Contents 128 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
127 0 obj
[129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R]
endobj
129 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref049)>>
endobj
130 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref050)>>
endobj
131 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref051)>>
endobj
132 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref049)>>
endobj
133 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 134 0 R>>
endobj
134 0 obj
<>
endobj
128 0 obj
[135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R]
endobj
135 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
257.0457 498.3307 m
266.5701 498.3307 l
h
f*
260.6173 329.3291 m
270.085 329.3291 l
h
f*
343.6157 316.3465 m
353.1402 316.3465 l
h
f*
292.0819 160.3276 m
301.6063 160.3276 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(\(c\))Tj
1.3209 0 Td
(assure)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(woman)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(confidentiality)Tj
6.0151 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(information,)Tj
5.3064 0 Td
(\(d\))Tj
1.423 0 Td
(women-provider)Tj
6.9958 0 Td
(conversation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(over-)Tj
-34.7411 -1.3039 Td
(heard)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(others)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(\(stranger,)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(patients,)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(non-medical)Tj
5.3178 0 Td
(staff\);)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(\(VI\))Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(Abandonment)Tj
6.0717 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(care:)Tj
2.0977 0 Td
(\(a\))Tj
-36.3796 -1.2982 Td
(abandon)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(afterward,)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(\(b\))Tj
1.4059 0 Td
(ignore)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(asking)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(pain)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(relief/medica-)Tj
-30.7727 -1.2983 Td
(tion,)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(\(c\))Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(delay)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(birthing)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0353 0 Td
(deciding)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(operative)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(procedure;)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(\(VII\))Tj
2.279 0 Td
(Discrimination:)Tj
6.5593 0 Td
(\(a\))Tj
-35.2797 -1.2983 Td
(denial)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(service)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(ethnicity,)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(\(b\))Tj
1.406 0 Td
(denial)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(service)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(lack)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(money.)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(Taking)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8426 0 Td
(con-)Tj
-34.9793 -1.3039 Td
(sideration)Tj
4.2235 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(birth,)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(instructed)Tj
4.269 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(answer)Tj
-33.4372 -1.2982 Td
(these)Tj
2.2506 0 Td
(questions)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(experiences)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(childbirth.)Tj
-23.6464 -1.2983 Td
(An)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(`overall)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(composite)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(index')Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(constructed)Tj
4.9322 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(along)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(indices)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(each)Tj
-35.2344 -1.3039 Td
(type)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mistreatment.)Tj
5.811 0 Td
(Positively)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(worded)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(items)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(reverse)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(coded)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(consistency)Tj
4.8359 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(`1')Tj
-35.121 -1.2983 Td
(referred)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(`experienced)Tj
5.2611 0 Td
(mistreatment',)Tj
6.0208 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(`0')Tj
1.1395 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(`not)Tj
1.7972 0 Td
(experienced'.)Tj
5.4765 0 Td
(Composite)Tj
4.5808 0 Td
(scores)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(were)Tj
-34.1459 -1.2983 Td
(calculated)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(adding)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(scores)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(item.)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(Total)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(scores)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(ranged)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(024,)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(higher)Tj
-34.0552 -1.3039 Td
(score)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(reflected)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(higher)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(level)Tj
2.0126 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mistreatment.)Tj
5.8053 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(procedure)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(repeated)Tj
3.6397 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(`individual)Tj
-33.3012 -1.2982 Td
(composite)Tj
4.3426 0 Td
(indices')Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(type)Tj
1.9163 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(behaviour.)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
-12.7444 -1.2983 Td
(Independent)Tj
5.5558 0 Td
(variables.)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
4.7565 0 Td
(Several)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(variables)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(associated)Tj
-32.5188 -1.3039 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(mistreatment.)Tj
5.811 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(categorised)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(follows:)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(\(I\))Tj
1.2416 0 Td
(Socio-demographics:)Tj
8.6229 0 Td
(wom-)Tj
-34.2819 -1.2983 Td
(en's)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(age,)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(literacy,)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(ethnicity,)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(employment)Tj
5.2781 0 Td
(status)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(household)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(poverty)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(\(using)Tj
2.7326 0 Td
(progress)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.8637 -1.2982 Td
(poverty)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(tool\))Tj
2.1147 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(49)Tj
0 g
(];)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(\(II\))Tj
1.576 0 Td
(Reproductive)Tj
5.5843 0 Td
(history:)Tj
3.2314 0 Td
(primigravida)Tj
5.4198 0 Td
(\(whether)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(experienced)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(childbirths)Tj
-32.1049 -1.2983 Td
(before\),)Tj
3.3051 0 Td
(type)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(person)Tj
2.9536 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(assisted)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(childbirth,)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(place)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(\(home-)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(facility-based\),)Tj
-30.5402 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(education)Tj
4.1782 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(preparedness)Tj
5.5049 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(postnatal/partum)Tj
7.1603 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(index)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(pregnancy;)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.5802 -1.2983 Td
(\(III\))Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(Empowerment)Tj
6.2022 0 Td
(status:)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(couples')Tj
3.4413 0 Td
(joint)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(decision)Tj
3.549 0 Td
(making)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(\(discrete)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(composite)Tj
4.3427 0 Td
(index\).)Tj
-29.9847 -1.2983 Td
(Under)Tj
2.8289 0 Td
(reproductive)Tj
5.3348 0 Td
(history,)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(separate)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(variables)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(created)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(education:)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(birth)Tj
-35.6199 -1.3039 Td
(preparedness)Tj
5.4991 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(postnatal/partum)Tj
7.166 0 Td
(care.)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(Women)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(coded)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(themselves)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(`1')Tj
1.1338 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7767 0 Td
(they)Tj
-33.8284 -1.2982 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(educated)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(seven)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(essential)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(preparedness)Tj
5.4992 0 Td
(elements)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(\(at)Tj
1.2926 0 Td
(least)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(four)Tj
-33.7887 -1.2983 Td
(antenatal)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(visits,)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(skilled)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(attendant,)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(transport)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(arrangement,)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(recognising)Tj
4.8699 0 Td
(danger)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(signs,)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(man-)Tj
-35.3931 -1.3039 Td
(aging)Tj
2.398 0 Td
(emergency,)Tj
4.8019 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(donor)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(keeping)Tj
3.3618 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(baby)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(warm\))Tj
2.8687 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.4107 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(`0')Tj
1.1339 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7767 0 Td
(they)Tj
-34.9226 -1.2983 Td
(had)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(received)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(none.)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9071 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(procedure)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(applied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(postnatal/partum)Tj
7.1659 0 Td
(index,)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
-34.469 -1.2983 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(women)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(educated)Tj
3.8098 0 Td
(on:)Tj
1.4967 0 Td
(feeding)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(baby,)Tj
2.3527 0 Td
(mother's)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(nutrition,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(spacing)Tj
3.2372 0 Td
(\(family)Tj
-33.8851 -1.2982 Td
(planning\),)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(mother's)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(hygiene,)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(baby's)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(hygiene)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(child)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(immunisation.)Tj
-20.432 -1.3039 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(variable)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(measure)Tj
3.5829 0 Td
(women's)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(empowerment)Tj
6.0605 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(created)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(in)Tj
-36.646 -1.2983 Td
(another)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(50)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(collected)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(indicators)Tj
4.2293 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(adapted)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(framework)Tj
-32.3884 -1.2983 Td
(proposed)Tj
3.9514 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(Haque)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(colleagues)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(51)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(Women)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(asked)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(involved)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(making)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.8885 -1.3039 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(decisions:)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(\(1\))Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(go)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(medical)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(event)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(her)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(illness;)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(\(2\))Tj
1.3719 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6533 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.3308 -1.2982 Td
(take)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(her)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5547 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(event)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(illness;)Tj
2.897 0 Td
(\(3\))Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(children's)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(education;)Tj
4.3994 0 Td
(\(4\))Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(plan)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(pregnancy;)Tj
-32.4394 -1.2983 Td
(\(5\))Tj
1.3719 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(have;)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(\(6\))Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(buying)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(selling)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(property;)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(\(7\))Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(household)Tj
4.3766 0 Td
(expendi-)Tj
-33.9134 -1.3039 Td
(ture)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(\(e.g.)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(toothpaste,)Tj
4.6147 0 Td
(soap,)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(crockery)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(etc.\);)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(\(8\))Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(major)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(household)Tj
4.3767 0 Td
(expenditure)Tj
5.0116 0 Td
(\(e.g.)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(TV,)Tj
1.7518 0 Td
(refrigera-)Tj
-33.4939 -1.2983 Td
(tor,)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(furniture)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(etc.\);)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(\(9\))Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(expenditure)Tj
5.0116 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(her)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(clothes,)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(cosmetics,)Tj
4.3257 0 Td
(jewellery)Tj
3.753 0 Td
(etc.;)Tj
1.8142 0 Td
(\(10\))Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(expenditure)Tj
-31.8101 -1.2983 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(medicines;)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(\(11\))Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(expenditure)Tj
5.0173 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(children's)Tj
4.1273 0 Td
(clothes;)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(\(12\))Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(spend)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(earned)Tj
2.9481 0 Td
(money;)Tj
3.1974 0 Td
(\(13\))Tj
-35.5575 -1.3039 Td
(visiting)Tj
3.1464 0 Td
(relatives;)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(\(14\))Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(her)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(employment)Tj
5.278 0 Td
(outside)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(home;)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(\(15\))Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(she)Tj
1.5306 0 Td
(leaves)Tj
2.5626 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.0212 -1.2982 Td
(house)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(alone)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(medical)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(help.)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(composite)Tj
4.3426 0 Td
(empowerment)Tj
6.0605 0 Td
(score)Tj
2.3073 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(couples')Tj
3.4413 0 Td
(decision)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(making)Tj
-33.8341 -1.2983 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(calculated)Tj
4.2065 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(could)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(015,)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(higher)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(score)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(reflecting)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(respondent)Tj
-32.1276 -1.2983 Td
(had)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(higher)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(degree)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(decision-making)Tj
6.9222 0 Td
(power.)Tj
-14.7627 -1.3039 Td
(A)Tj
0.907 0 Td
(poverty)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(index)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(derived)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(standard)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(analytical)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(proposed)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.4067 -1.2983 Td
(Grameen)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(Foundation)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(49)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 112.9889 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Ethics)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 95.9811 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(protocol)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(reviewed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(approved)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(National)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(Bioethics)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(Committee)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(\(NBC\),)Tj
-33.9248 -1.2982 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
3.6169 0 Td
(\(Ref:)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(No.)Tj
1.6895 0 Td
(4-87/NBC-109/RDC/1861\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 434.0409 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Mistreatm)Tj
4.3228 0 Td
(ent)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.941 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.978 0 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01946)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(01)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9622 0 Td
(16,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.3562 0 Td
(5)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
136 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
137 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
138 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
139 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(17)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
140 0 obj
<>/ColorSpace<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 145 0 R/Contents 146 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
145 0 obj
[147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R]
endobj
147 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0194601.ref052)>>
endobj
148 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Lpone.0194601.t001)>>
endobj
149 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 151 0 R>>
endobj
151 0 obj
<>
endobj
150 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 152 0 R>>
endobj
152 0 obj
<>
endobj
146 0 obj
[153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R]
endobj
153 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
203.4142 549.8079 m
212.9386 549.8079 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 211.9748 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(consent)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(form)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.0797 0 Td
(about)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(purpose)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(interview,)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(risks)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.7503 -1.3039 Td
(benefits,)Tj
3.5602 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(respondent's)Tj
5.3234 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(choose)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(participate)Tj
4.4731 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(study,)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(withdraw)Tj
4.0195 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7823 0 Td
(at)Tj
-35.4271 -1.2982 Td
(any)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(time,)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(without)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(reprisal,)Tj
3.4355 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(decline)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(answering)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.661 0 Td
(question\(s\).)Tj
4.9266 0 Td
(Enumerators)Tj
5.4482 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(asked)Tj
-34.9963 -1.2983 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(read)Tj
1.9728 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(informed)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(consent)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(aloud)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(took)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(written)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(informed)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(consent)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(from)Tj
-35.5405 -1.2983 Td
(each)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(respondent)Tj
4.7452 0 Td
(prior)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(starting)Tj
3.2655 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(questionnaire.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 619.8803 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Statistical)Tj
4.3228 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 602.8724 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(descriptive)Tj
4.558 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(participants')Tj
5.1761 0 Td
(characteristics)Tj
5.9073 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(completed)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(means)Tj
2.8062 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(propor-)Tj
-33.9078 -1.2982 Td
(tions.)Tj
2.4264 0 Td
(Linear)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(regression)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(applied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(intention)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(identifying)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(individual)Tj
4.2916 0 Td
(level)Tj
-35.0019 -1.3039 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(associated)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(reports)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(mistreatment)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(rather)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(identifying)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(underlying)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(causes)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.4271 -1.2983 Td
(mistreatment,)Tj
5.8053 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(impossible)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(cross-sectional)Tj
6.1058 0 Td
(data.)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9071 0 Td
(block-modelling)Tj
6.8031 0 Td
(strategy)Tj
-33.6016 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(52)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8481 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(applied)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(full)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(\(home)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(facility)Tj
2.897 0 Td
(birth\))Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(dataset)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(whereby)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(variables)Tj
3.7191 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(entered)Tj
-33.1708 -1.3039 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(groups,)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(resulting)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(models:)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(Model)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(1:)Tj
0.9241 0 Td
(examining)Tj
4.4561 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.5178 -1.2982 Td
(socio-demographic)Tj
7.9199 0 Td
(variables;)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(Model)Tj
2.8177 0 Td
(2:)Tj
0.924 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(reproductive)Tj
5.3291 0 Td
(history)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(index)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(preg-)Tj
-33.2898 -1.2983 Td
(nancy;)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(Model)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(3:)Tj
0.9241 0 Td
(adding)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(status)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(women's)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(empowerment.)Tj
-18.8786 -1.3039 Td
(Moreover,)Tj
4.3993 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(sub-group)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(performed)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(home-)Tj
2.8459 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(facility-based)Tj
5.5048 0 Td
(birth)Tj
-34.6391 -1.2983 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(variables)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(model.)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(Internal)Tj
3.4298 0 Td
(consistency)Tj
4.8359 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(items)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(mistreatmentfor)Tj
7.268 0 Td
(each)Tj
-35.5632 -1.2983 Td
(behaviour)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(type,)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(items)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(women's)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(empowerment)Tj
6.0548 0 Td
(indexwere)Tj
4.8699 0 Td
(tested)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(using)Tj
-34.5314 -1.3039 Td
(Kuder)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(Richardson's)Tj
5.3858 0 Td
(formula.)Tj
3.6396 0 Td
(Stata)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(version)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(14.1)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(\(StataCorp)Tj
4.5581 0 Td
(LP,)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(Texas,)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(United)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(States\))Tj
2.8517 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(used)Tj
-35.3648 -1.2982 Td
(for)Tj
1.3832 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(analyses,)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(p-values)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(0.05)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(statistically)Tj
4.6091 0 Td
(significant.)Tj
4.6091 0 Td
(Statistical)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
(weights)Tj
-34.3613 -1.2983 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(appropriately)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(adjust)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(results)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(representation)Tj
6.0094 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(all)Tj
-35.5405 -1.2983 Td
(14)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(districts.)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(adjustment)Tj
4.7168 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(made)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(2011)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(projected)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(for)Tj
-34.5427 -1.3039 Td
(each)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(district.)Tj
ET
Q
q
/C3 cs 0.85 0.85 0.85 scn
1 j
1 J
0 w
200.0001 366.7516 m
294.5645 366.7516 l
294.5645 354.2516 l
200.0001 354.2516 l
f*
294.5645 366.7516 m
337.3852 366.7516 l
337.3852 354.2516 l
294.5645 354.2516 l
f*
337.3852 366.7516 m
520.7074 366.7516 l
520.7074 354.2516 l
337.3852 354.2516 l
f*
520.7074 366.7516 m
575.9994 366.7516 l
575.9994 354.2516 l
520.7074 354.2516 l
f*
200.0001 341.7517 m
294.5645 341.7517 l
294.5645 329.2517 l
200.0001 329.2517 l
f*
294.5645 341.7517 m
337.3852 341.7517 l
337.3852 329.2517 l
294.5645 329.2517 l
f*
337.3852 341.7517 m
575.9994 341.7517 l
575.9994 329.2517 l
337.3852 329.2517 l
f*
200.0001 316.7518 m
294.5645 316.7518 l
294.5645 304.2519 l
200.0001 304.2519 l
f*
294.5645 316.7518 m
337.3852 316.7518 l
337.3852 304.2519 l
294.5645 304.2519 l
f*
337.3852 316.7518 m
520.7074 316.7518 l
520.7074 304.2519 l
337.3852 304.2519 l
f*
520.7074 316.7518 m
575.9994 316.7518 l
575.9994 304.2519 l
520.7074 304.2519 l
f*
200.0001 291.7519 m
294.5645 291.7519 l
294.5645 279.252 l
200.0001 279.252 l
f*
294.5645 291.7519 m
337.3852 291.7519 l
337.3852 279.252 l
294.5645 279.252 l
f*
337.3852 291.7519 m
520.7074 291.7519 l
520.7074 279.252 l
337.3852 279.252 l
f*
520.7074 291.7519 m
575.9994 291.7519 l
575.9994 279.252 l
520.7074 279.252 l
f*
200.0001 266.7521 m
294.5645 266.7521 l
294.5645 254.2521 l
200.0001 254.2521 l
f*
294.5645 266.7521 m
337.3852 266.7521 l
337.3852 254.2521 l
294.5645 254.2521 l
f*
337.3852 266.7521 m
520.7074 266.7521 l
520.7074 254.2521 l
337.3852 254.2521 l
f*
520.7074 266.7521 m
575.9994 266.7521 l
575.9994 254.2521 l
520.7074 254.2521 l
f*
200.0001 241.7522 m
294.5645 241.7522 l
294.5645 229.2523 l
200.0001 229.2523 l
f*
294.5645 241.7522 m
337.3852 241.7522 l
337.3852 229.2523 l
294.5645 229.2523 l
f*
337.3852 241.7522 m
520.7074 241.7522 l
520.7074 229.2523 l
337.3852 229.2523 l
f*
520.7074 241.7522 m
575.9994 241.7522 l
575.9994 229.2523 l
520.7074 229.2523 l
f*
200.0001 216.7523 m
294.5645 216.7523 l
294.5645 204.2524 l
200.0001 204.2524 l
f*
294.5645 216.7523 m
337.3852 216.7523 l
337.3852 204.2524 l
294.5645 204.2524 l
f*
337.3852 216.7523 m
520.7074 216.7523 l
520.7074 204.2524 l
337.3852 204.2524 l
f*
520.7074 216.7523 m
575.9994 216.7523 l
575.9994 204.2524 l
520.7074 204.2524 l
f*
200.0001 191.7524 m
294.5645 191.7524 l
294.5645 179.2525 l
200.0001 179.2525 l
f*
294.5645 191.7524 m
337.3852 191.7524 l
337.3852 179.2525 l
294.5645 179.2525 l
f*
337.3852 191.7524 m
520.7074 191.7524 l
520.7074 179.2525 l
337.3852 179.2525 l
f*
520.7074 191.7524 m
575.9994 191.7524 l
575.9994 179.2525 l
520.7074 179.2525 l
f*
200.0001 166.7526 m
337.3852 166.7526 l
337.3852 154.2526 l
200.0001 154.2526 l
f*
337.3852 166.7526 m
520.7074 166.7526 l
520.7074 154.2526 l
337.3852 154.2526 l
f*
520.7074 166.7526 m
575.9994 166.7526 l
575.9994 154.2526 l
520.7074 154.2526 l
f*
200.0001 141.7527 m
294.5645 141.7527 l
294.5645 129.2528 l
200.0001 129.2528 l
f*
294.5645 141.7527 m
337.3852 141.7527 l
337.3852 129.2528 l
294.5645 129.2528 l
f*
337.3852 141.7527 m
520.7074 141.7527 l
520.7074 129.2528 l
337.3852 129.2528 l
f*
520.7074 141.7527 m
575.9994 141.7527 l
575.9994 129.2528 l
520.7074 129.2528 l
f*
0.45 0.36 0.35 0.01 k
200.0001 379.7515 m
576 379.7515 l
576 379.2515 l
200.0001 379.2515 l
f*
294.5645 379.2515 m
294.5645 366.7516 l
294.0644 366.7516 l
294.0644 379.2515 l
f*
294.0644 366.7516 m
200.0001 366.7516 l
200.0001 367.2516 l
294.0644 367.2516 l
f*
337.3852 379.2515 m
337.3852 366.7516 l
336.8852 366.7516 l
336.8852 379.2515 l
f*
336.8852 366.7516 m
294.5645 366.7516 l
294.5645 367.2516 l
336.8852 367.2516 l
f*
520.7074 379.2515 m
520.7074 366.7516 l
520.2074 366.7516 l
520.2074 379.2515 l
f*
520.2074 366.7516 m
337.3852 366.7516 l
337.3852 367.2516 l
520.2074 367.2516 l
f*
575.9994 366.7516 m
520.7074 366.7516 l
520.7074 367.2516 l
575.9994 367.2516 l
f*
294.5645 366.7516 m
294.5645 354.2516 l
294.0644 354.2516 l
294.0644 366.7516 l
f*
294.0644 354.2516 m
200.0001 354.2516 l
200.0001 354.7517 l
294.0644 354.7517 l
f*
337.3852 366.7516 m
337.3852 354.2516 l
336.8852 354.2516 l
336.8852 366.7516 l
f*
336.8852 354.2516 m
294.5645 354.2516 l
294.5645 354.7517 l
336.8852 354.7517 l
f*
520.7074 366.7516 m
520.7074 354.2516 l
520.2074 354.2516 l
520.2074 366.7516 l
f*
520.2074 354.2516 m
337.3852 354.2516 l
337.3852 354.7517 l
520.2074 354.7517 l
f*
575.9994 354.2516 m
520.7074 354.2516 l
520.7074 354.7517 l
575.9994 354.7517 l
f*
294.5645 354.2516 m
294.5645 341.7517 l
294.0644 341.7517 l
294.0644 354.2516 l
f*
294.0644 341.7517 m
200.0001 341.7517 l
200.0001 342.2517 l
294.0644 342.2517 l
f*
337.3852 354.2516 m
337.3852 341.7517 l
336.8852 341.7517 l
336.8852 354.2516 l
f*
336.8852 341.7517 m
294.5645 341.7517 l
294.5645 342.2517 l
336.8852 342.2517 l
f*
520.7074 354.2516 m
520.7074 341.7517 l
520.2074 341.7517 l
520.2074 354.2516 l
f*
520.2074 341.7517 m
337.3852 341.7517 l
337.3852 342.2517 l
520.2074 342.2517 l
f*
575.9994 341.7517 m
520.7074 341.7517 l
520.7074 342.2517 l
575.9994 342.2517 l
f*
294.5645 341.7517 m
294.5645 329.2517 l
294.0644 329.2517 l
294.0644 341.7517 l
f*
294.0644 329.2517 m
200.0001 329.2517 l
200.0001 329.7518 l
294.0644 329.7518 l
f*
337.3852 341.7517 m
337.3852 329.2517 l
336.8852 329.2517 l
336.8852 341.7517 l
f*
336.8852 329.2517 m
294.5645 329.2517 l
294.5645 329.7518 l
336.8852 329.7518 l
f*
575.9994 329.2517 m
337.3852 329.2517 l
337.3852 329.7518 l
575.9994 329.7518 l
f*
294.5645 329.2517 m
294.5645 316.7518 l
294.0644 316.7518 l
294.0644 329.2517 l
f*
294.0644 316.7518 m
200.0001 316.7518 l
200.0001 317.2518 l
294.0644 317.2518 l
f*
337.3852 329.2517 m
337.3852 316.7518 l
336.8852 316.7518 l
336.8852 329.2517 l
f*
336.8852 316.7518 m
294.5645 316.7518 l
294.5645 317.2518 l
336.8852 317.2518 l
f*
520.7074 329.2517 m
520.7074 316.7518 l
520.2074 316.7518 l
520.2074 329.2517 l
f*
520.2074 316.7518 m
337.3852 316.7518 l
337.3852 317.2518 l
520.2074 317.2518 l
f*
575.9994 316.7518 m
520.7074 316.7518 l
520.7074 317.2518 l
575.9994 317.2518 l
f*
294.5645 316.7518 m
294.5645 304.2519 l
294.0644 304.2519 l
294.0644 316.7518 l
f*
294.0644 304.2519 m
200.0001 304.2519 l
200.0001 304.7519 l
294.0644 304.7519 l
f*
337.3852 316.7518 m
337.3852 304.2519 l
336.8852 304.2519 l
336.8852 316.7518 l
f*
336.8852 304.2519 m
294.5645 304.2519 l
294.5645 304.7519 l
336.8852 304.7519 l
f*
520.7074 316.7518 m
520.7074 304.2519 l
520.2074 304.2519 l
520.2074 316.7518 l
f*
520.2074 304.2519 m
337.3852 304.2519 l
337.3852 304.7519 l
520.2074 304.7519 l
f*
575.9994 304.2519 m
520.7074 304.2519 l
520.7074 304.7519 l
575.9994 304.7519 l
f*
294.5645 304.2519 m
294.5645 291.7519 l
294.0644 291.7519 l
294.0644 304.2519 l
f*
294.0644 291.7519 m
200.0001 291.7519 l
200.0001 292.252 l
294.0644 292.252 l
f*
337.3852 304.2519 m
337.3852 291.7519 l
336.8852 291.7519 l
336.8852 304.2519 l
f*
336.8852 291.7519 m
294.5645 291.7519 l
294.5645 292.252 l
336.8852 292.252 l
f*
520.7074 304.2519 m
520.7074 291.7519 l
520.2074 291.7519 l
520.2074 304.2519 l
f*
520.2074 291.7519 m
337.3852 291.7519 l
337.3852 292.252 l
520.2074 292.252 l
f*
575.9994 291.7519 m
520.7074 291.7519 l
520.7074 292.252 l
575.9994 292.252 l
f*
294.5645 291.7519 m
294.5645 279.252 l
294.0644 279.252 l
294.0644 291.7519 l
f*
294.0644 279.252 m
200.0001 279.252 l
200.0001 279.752 l
294.0644 279.752 l
f*
337.3852 291.7519 m
337.3852 279.252 l
336.8852 279.252 l
336.8852 291.7519 l
f*
336.8852 279.252 m
294.5645 279.252 l
294.5645 279.752 l
336.8852 279.752 l
f*
520.7074 291.7519 m
520.7074 279.252 l
520.2074 279.252 l
520.2074 291.7519 l
f*
520.2074 279.252 m
337.3852 279.252 l
337.3852 279.752 l
520.2074 279.752 l
f*
575.9994 279.252 m
520.7074 279.252 l
520.7074 279.752 l
575.9994 279.752 l
f*
294.5645 279.252 m
294.5645 266.7521 l
294.0644 266.7521 l
294.0644 279.252 l
f*
294.0644 266.7521 m
200.0001 266.7521 l
200.0001 267.2521 l
294.0644 267.2521 l
f*
337.3852 279.252 m
337.3852 266.7521 l
336.8852 266.7521 l
336.8852 279.252 l
f*
336.8852 266.7521 m
294.5645 266.7521 l
294.5645 267.2521 l
336.8852 267.2521 l
f*
520.7074 279.252 m
520.7074 266.7521 l
520.2074 266.7521 l
520.2074 279.252 l
f*
520.2074 266.7521 m
337.3852 266.7521 l
337.3852 267.2521 l
520.2074 267.2521 l
f*
575.9994 266.7521 m
520.7074 266.7521 l
520.7074 267.2521 l
575.9994 267.2521 l
f*
294.5645 266.7521 m
294.5645 254.2521 l
294.0644 254.2521 l
294.0644 266.7521 l
f*
294.0644 254.2521 m
200.0001 254.2521 l
200.0001 254.7522 l
294.0644 254.7522 l
f*
337.3852 266.7521 m
337.3852 254.2521 l
336.8852 254.2521 l
336.8852 266.7521 l
f*
336.8852 254.2521 m
294.5645 254.2521 l
294.5645 254.7522 l
336.8852 254.7522 l
f*
520.7074 266.7521 m
520.7074 254.2521 l
520.2074 254.2521 l
520.2074 266.7521 l
f*
520.2074 254.2521 m
337.3852 254.2521 l
337.3852 254.7522 l
520.2074 254.7522 l
f*
575.9994 254.2521 m
520.7074 254.2521 l
520.7074 254.7522 l
575.9994 254.7522 l
f*
294.5645 254.2521 m
294.5645 241.7522 l
294.0644 241.7522 l
294.0644 254.2521 l
f*
294.0644 241.7522 m
200.0001 241.7522 l
200.0001 242.2522 l
294.0644 242.2522 l
f*
337.3852 254.2521 m
337.3852 241.7522 l
336.8852 241.7522 l
336.8852 254.2521 l
f*
336.8852 241.7522 m
294.5645 241.7522 l
294.5645 242.2522 l
336.8852 242.2522 l
f*
520.7074 254.2521 m
520.7074 241.7522 l
520.2074 241.7522 l
520.2074 254.2521 l
f*
520.2074 241.7522 m
337.3852 241.7522 l
337.3852 242.2522 l
520.2074 242.2522 l
f*
575.9994 241.7522 m
520.7074 241.7522 l
520.7074 242.2522 l
575.9994 242.2522 l
f*
294.5645 241.7522 m
294.5645 229.2523 l
294.0644 229.2523 l
294.0644 241.7522 l
f*
294.0644 229.2523 m
200.0001 229.2523 l
200.0001 229.7523 l
294.0644 229.7523 l
f*
337.3852 241.7522 m
337.3852 229.2523 l
336.8852 229.2523 l
336.8852 241.7522 l
f*
336.8852 229.2523 m
294.5645 229.2523 l
294.5645 229.7523 l
336.8852 229.7523 l
f*
520.7074 241.7522 m
520.7074 229.2523 l
520.2074 229.2523 l
520.2074 241.7522 l
f*
520.2074 229.2523 m
337.3852 229.2523 l
337.3852 229.7523 l
520.2074 229.7523 l
f*
575.9994 229.2523 m
520.7074 229.2523 l
520.7074 229.7523 l
575.9994 229.7523 l
f*
294.5645 229.2523 m
294.5645 216.7523 l
294.0644 216.7523 l
294.0644 229.2523 l
f*
294.0644 216.7523 m
200.0001 216.7523 l
200.0001 217.2523 l
294.0644 217.2523 l
f*
337.3852 229.2523 m
337.3852 216.7523 l
336.8852 216.7523 l
336.8852 229.2523 l
f*
336.8852 216.7523 m
294.5645 216.7523 l
294.5645 217.2523 l
336.8852 217.2523 l
f*
520.7074 229.2523 m
520.7074 216.7523 l
520.2074 216.7523 l
520.2074 229.2523 l
f*
520.2074 216.7523 m
337.3852 216.7523 l
337.3852 217.2523 l
520.2074 217.2523 l
f*
575.9994 216.7523 m
520.7074 216.7523 l
520.7074 217.2523 l
575.9994 217.2523 l
f*
294.5645 216.7523 m
294.5645 204.2524 l
294.0644 204.2524 l
294.0644 216.7523 l
f*
294.0644 204.2524 m
200.0001 204.2524 l
200.0001 204.7524 l
294.0644 204.7524 l
f*
337.3852 216.7523 m
337.3852 204.2524 l
336.8852 204.2524 l
336.8852 216.7523 l
f*
336.8852 204.2524 m
294.5645 204.2524 l
294.5645 204.7524 l
336.8852 204.7524 l
f*
520.7074 216.7523 m
520.7074 204.2524 l
520.2074 204.2524 l
520.2074 216.7523 l
f*
520.2074 204.2524 m
337.3852 204.2524 l
337.3852 204.7524 l
520.2074 204.7524 l
f*
575.9994 204.2524 m
520.7074 204.2524 l
520.7074 204.7524 l
575.9994 204.7524 l
f*
337.3852 204.2524 m
337.3852 191.7524 l
336.8852 191.7524 l
336.8852 204.2524 l
f*
336.8852 191.7524 m
200.0001 191.7524 l
200.0001 192.2525 l
336.8852 192.2525 l
f*
520.7074 204.2524 m
520.7074 191.7524 l
520.2074 191.7524 l
520.2074 204.2524 l
f*
520.2074 191.7524 m
337.3852 191.7524 l
337.3852 192.2525 l
520.2074 192.2525 l
f*
575.9994 191.7524 m
520.7074 191.7524 l
520.7074 192.2525 l
575.9994 192.2525 l
f*
294.5645 191.7524 m
294.5645 179.2525 l
294.0644 179.2525 l
294.0644 191.7524 l
f*
294.0644 179.2525 m
200.0001 179.2525 l
200.0001 179.7525 l
294.0644 179.7525 l
f*
337.3852 191.7524 m
337.3852 179.2525 l
336.8852 179.2525 l
336.8852 191.7524 l
f*
336.8852 179.2525 m
294.5645 179.2525 l
294.5645 179.7525 l
336.8852 179.7525 l
f*
520.7074 191.7524 m
520.7074 179.2525 l
520.2074 179.2525 l
520.2074 191.7524 l
f*
520.2074 179.2525 m
337.3852 179.2525 l
337.3852 179.7525 l
520.2074 179.7525 l
f*
575.9994 179.2525 m
520.7074 179.2525 l
520.7074 179.7525 l
575.9994 179.7525 l
f*
294.5645 179.2525 m
294.5645 166.7526 l
294.0644 166.7526 l
294.0644 179.2525 l
f*
294.0644 166.7526 m
200.0001 166.7526 l
200.0001 167.2526 l
294.0644 167.2526 l
f*
337.3852 179.2525 m
337.3852 166.7526 l
336.8852 166.7526 l
336.8852 179.2525 l
f*
336.8852 166.7526 m
294.5645 166.7526 l
294.5645 167.2526 l
336.8852 167.2526 l
f*
520.7074 179.2525 m
520.7074 166.7526 l
520.2074 166.7526 l
520.2074 179.2525 l
f*
520.2074 166.7526 m
337.3852 166.7526 l
337.3852 167.2526 l
520.2074 167.2526 l
f*
575.9994 166.7526 m
520.7074 166.7526 l
520.7074 167.2526 l
575.9994 167.2526 l
f*
337.3852 166.7526 m
337.3852 154.2526 l
336.8852 154.2526 l
336.8852 166.7526 l
f*
336.8852 154.2526 m
200.0001 154.2526 l
200.0001 154.7527 l
336.8852 154.7527 l
f*
520.7074 166.7526 m
520.7074 154.2526 l
520.2074 154.2526 l
520.2074 166.7526 l
f*
520.2074 154.2526 m
337.3852 154.2526 l
337.3852 154.7527 l
520.2074 154.7527 l
f*
575.9994 154.2526 m
520.7074 154.2526 l
520.7074 154.7527 l
575.9994 154.7527 l
f*
294.5645 154.2526 m
294.5645 141.7527 l
294.0644 141.7527 l
294.0644 154.2526 l
f*
294.0644 141.7527 m
200.0001 141.7527 l
200.0001 142.2527 l
294.0644 142.2527 l
f*
337.3852 154.2526 m
337.3852 141.7527 l
336.8852 141.7527 l
336.8852 154.2526 l
f*
336.8852 141.7527 m
294.5645 141.7527 l
294.5645 142.2527 l
336.8852 142.2527 l
f*
520.7074 154.2526 m
520.7074 141.7527 l
520.2074 141.7527 l
520.2074 154.2526 l
f*
520.2074 141.7527 m
337.3852 141.7527 l
337.3852 142.2527 l
520.2074 142.2527 l
f*
575.9994 141.7527 m
520.7074 141.7527 l
520.7074 142.2527 l
575.9994 142.2527 l
f*
294.5645 141.7527 m
294.5645 129.2528 l
294.0644 129.2528 l
294.0644 141.7527 l
f*
294.0644 129.2528 m
200.0001 129.2528 l
200.0001 129.7528 l
294.0644 129.7528 l
f*
337.3852 141.7527 m
337.3852 129.2528 l
336.8852 129.2528 l
336.8852 141.7527 l
f*
336.8852 129.2528 m
294.5645 129.2528 l
294.5645 129.7528 l
336.8852 129.7528 l
f*
520.7074 141.7527 m
520.7074 129.2528 l
520.2074 129.2528 l
520.2074 141.7527 l
f*
520.2074 129.2528 m
337.3852 129.2528 l
337.3852 129.7528 l
520.2074 129.7528 l
f*
575.9994 129.2528 m
520.7074 129.2528 l
520.7074 129.7528 l
575.9994 129.7528 l
f*
294.5645 129.2528 m
294.5645 116.7528 l
294.0644 116.7528 l
294.0644 129.2528 l
f*
294.0644 116.7528 m
200.0001 116.7528 l
200.0001 117.2529 l
294.0644 117.2529 l
f*
337.3852 129.2528 m
337.3852 116.7528 l
336.8852 116.7528 l
336.8852 129.2528 l
f*
336.8852 116.7528 m
294.5645 116.7528 l
294.5645 117.2529 l
336.8852 117.2529 l
f*
520.7074 129.2528 m
520.7074 116.7528 l
520.2074 116.7528 l
520.2074 129.2528 l
f*
520.2074 116.7528 m
337.3852 116.7528 l
337.3852 117.2529 l
520.2074 117.2529 l
f*
575.9994 116.7528 m
520.7074 116.7528 l
520.7074 117.2529 l
575.9994 117.2529 l
f*
575.9994 95.0026 m
200.0001 95.0026 l
200.0001 95.5026 l
575.9994 95.5026 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
200.0126 81.9213 m
350.7591 81.9213 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 200.0125 384.6047 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Table)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(1.)Tj
1.1763 0 Td
(Characteri)Tj
4.415 0 Td
(stics)Tj
2.0197 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.063 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5378 0 Td
(sample)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(\(n)Tj
1.1268 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7866 0 Td
(1,334\).)Tj
0 Tc
-17.8229 -1.8567 Td
(Socio-de)Tj
3.5787 0 Td
(mographics)Tj
10.5095 0 Td
(%)Tj
3.3308 0 Td
(Women's)Tj
4.1882 0 Td
(empowerm)Tj
4.7126 0 Td
(ent)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.5998 0 0 5.5998 421.285 372.6425 cm
BT
/F11 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
()Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 545.3291 369.7511 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(%)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
-43.1649 -1.559 Td
(Women)Tj
3.267 0 Td
('s)Tj
0.815 0 Td
(age)Tj
13.4646 0 Td
(Couple)Tj
3.1253 0 Td
(decision)Tj
3.5787 0 Td
(\(out)Tj
1.9063 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0347 0 Td
(15\))Tj
/F12 1 Tf
-20.0482 -1.5662 Td
(<)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
0.9992 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1835 0 Td
(years)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(27.2)Tj
21.5789 0 Td
(Mean)Tj
2.537 0 Td
(\(SD\))Tj
4.1528 0 Td
(3.9)Tj
1.4102 0 Td
(\(4.8\))Tj
/F11 1 Tf
-38.9412 -1.559 Td
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
0.9992 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1906 0 Td
(-)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
0.5811 0 Td
(<)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
0.9992 0 Td
(35)Tj
1.1835 0 Td
(years)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(55.1)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
3.9118 0 Td
(Reproduc)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(tive)Tj
1.7717 0 Td
(history)Tj
3.189 0 Td
(index)Tj
2.5441 0 Td
(pregnanc)Tj
3.8906 0 Td
(y)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
-25.8876 -1.5662 Td
()Tj
/F6 1 Tf
0.9992 0 Td
(35)Tj
1.1835 0 Td
(years)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(17.8)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(Primigravid)Tj
4.8261 0 Td
(a)Tj
-22.3727 -1.5591 Td
(Ethnicity)Tj
38.2255 0 Td
(Yes)Tj
4.4859 0 Td
(16.0)Tj
-34.6184 -1.5661 Td
(Muhaji)Tj
2.9126 0 Td
(r)Tj
2.6292 0 Td
(12.1)Tj
24.7679 0 Td
(No)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(84.0)Tj
-34.4483 -1.5591 Td
(Punjabi)Tj
5.3717 0 Td
(36.4)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(Birth)Tj
2.289 0 Td
(prepare)Tj
3.0686 0 Td
(dness)Tj
-14.2513 -1.5661 Td
(Baloch)Tj
4.9819 0 Td
(14.5)Tj
6.789 0 Td
(Educated)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2898 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9638 0 Td
(least)Tj
2.0055 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.715 0 Td
(essential)Tj
3.6142 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8921 0 Td
(\(out)Tj
1.9134 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0276 0 Td
(7\))Tj
3.8835 0 Td
(73.1)Tj
-34.1436 -1.5591 Td
(Pathan)Tj
5.3079 0 Td
(4.9)Tj
23.549 0 Td
(None)Tj
5.2867 0 Td
(26.9)Tj
-33.9593 -1.5662 Td
(Sindhi)Tj
4.8827 0 Td
(32.1)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(Postnatal/p)Tj
4.5568 0 Td
(artum)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(care)Tj
-24.7963 -1.559 Td
(Women)Tj
3.267 0 Td
('s)Tj
0.815 0 Td
(literacy)Tj
16.3418 0 Td
(Educated)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2898 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9638 0 Td
(least)Tj
2.0055 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.715 0 Td
(essential)Tj
3.6142 0 Td
(care)Tj
1.8921 0 Td
(\(out)Tj
1.9134 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0276 0 Td
(6\))Tj
3.8835 0 Td
(47.3)Tj
-34.4058 -1.5662 Td
(Literate)Tj
5.3292 0 Td
(44.0)Tj
23.7899 0 Td
(None)Tj
5.2867 0 Td
(52.7)Tj
-34.7034 -1.559 Td
(Illiterate)Tj
5.6268 0 Td
(56.0)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(Place)Tj
2.3245 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0346 0 Td
(birth)Tj
-20.9057 -1.5662 Td
(Women)Tj
3.267 0 Td
('s)Tj
0.815 0 Td
(employme)Tj
4.2236 0 Td
(nt)Tj
28.8215 0 Td
(Home)Tj
5.5843 0 Td
(42.1)Tj
-32.7546 -1.5591 Td
(Yes)Tj
3.678 0 Td
(30.0)Tj
12.834 0 Td
(Health)Tj
2.9409 0 Td
(facility)Tj
2.9268 0 Td
(\(public)Tj
3.0756 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.1126 0 Td
(private\))Tj
6.1867 0 Td
(57.9)Tj
-32.5774 -1.5661 Td
(No)Tj
3.5008 0 Td
(70.0)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(Type)Tj
2.2465 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0276 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(attendant)Tj
-23.0317 -1.5591 Td
(Household)Tj
4.6418 0 Td
(poverty)Tj
3.2741 0 Td
(index)Tj
24.5057 0 Td
(General)Tj
3.4086 0 Td
(physicia)Tj
3.267 0 Td
(n)Tj
3.6142 0 Td
(40.5)Tj
-34.3703 -1.5661 Td
(Poorest)Tj
5.2937 0 Td
(34.4)Tj
18.4749 0 Td
(Mid-leve)Tj
3.6001 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4819 0 Td
(provider)Tj
6.5197 0 Td
(26.8)Tj
-34.2286 -1.5591 Td
(Middle)Tj
5.152 0 Td
(34.3)Tj
15.2009 0 Td
(Traditiona)Tj
4.2874 0 Td
(l)Tj
0.4819 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.2111 0 Td
(attendant)Tj
6.8953 0 Td
(32.7)Tj
-35.5963 -1.5662 Td
(Wealthie)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(st)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(31.3)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
5.5998 0 0 5.5998 200.0125 103.9181 cm
BT
/F11 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
()Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 205.1149 101.0267 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
0 0 Td
(Kuder-Rich)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(ardson)Tj
2.9977 0 Td
(value)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.4032 0 Td
(internal)Tj
3.3874 0 Td
(consisten)Tj
3.756 0 Td
(cy)Tj
1.1126 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.8149 0 Td
(0.94)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
/F8 1 Tf
-0.025 Tc
-21.1678 -2.2535 Td
(https://d)Tj
3.0827 0 Td
(oi.org/10.1371/j)Tj
5.9173 0 Td
(ournal.pon)Tj
3.9827 0 Td
(e.0194601.t00)Tj
5.3859 0 Td
(1)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 434.0409 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Mistreatm)Tj
4.3228 0 Td
(ent)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.941 0 Td
(childbirth)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.978 0 Td
(Pakistan)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01946)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(01)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9622 0 Td
(16,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.3562 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
154 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
155 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
156 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(17)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
157 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 10 0 R/Annots 159 0 R/Contents 160 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
158 0 obj
<>stream
xݕ+E6 m 64.vL 0L c3ޛ
};WGG(S,IRM]+#WLc)vۇ+hqYA%-a
ƴ굞_g+s0s~Rg[\*sҲ~dvj)s}pcZz0ԐtvnoWҟx}1Dkh8K K*9gGh^A+>.i<>%mKN~Q}̴-
OR
%Ҁ}{o:wc6l_Eg8S-Z!e+SKLk^sߴύ+-Cpq8uQNjsK߫sW߲%G>^_:ޏ=Fq.R-Cp/#N:'q߱zUd.
цy s--[!å*uϦ'
j%q=ZFoi+[Zy}Zϙ[2#J*uzahé-P'K/eOW*8Ɩp6ヤr6gN1AZc>liYa=cɳs%g[GhXaH>9,k֥+mYxLT *puy)k3Aáoagqu990Ԑ<~cګ{Ul *oO>llöAN?[{imjiA^'99lJa+S ZcߥZ^-OZéjl9m 5W5gqáW?_ZÖTR *-
XζeH5fs~^}P]1]ji/Y:9Q5`>LK2`6l,ؒ.ܟVZV^a?c:[0q{Urr؟xh[И3ٚ:xUKLqkl[{:&N
5W?`˩>05Wr;5$֤W?r;U?lpZ:&h }xn
VfNƌSC^uo~N-v6?CBJk_G-:Xg \AOSil6B:55ևơpئW<㇁a+ϖD5T崠rNvim~pXCAMW]9$T{^qMZ'T{C9?a}r
U<
gS'ٿ%akkTΞ.u6SCK?ZNg[ƬXAMڷq=$l+N0SCjl'Pշ*h>jOP
ҷ.`8҆C~!NfK>9`;U CjICj}B-~ع9HajoAsȬ9ASi9ZZP5BTN
mWrk8[i}g&>٥pFka[
jq?/ @ @ pxVW>@ @ @ @rN @ @ 8*'vY @ @ *e @ @ *mYܩlUQk] @ @ @?}e;߷gt'CD @ @ *W*rvY @ @ @rbU2r@ @ @ GhUz @ @ K ;%9 @ @ @ oW^C+"@ @ @ Q*)wW; @ @ OlVjE @ @ @`v6u @ @ O* oVD @ @ Fcc @ @ p<]q6uoVD @ @ F)%}<9&@ @ @ v{w @ @ ʝwUq @ @ CrX @ @ \ P*J%@ @ @ HA[Vdf @ @ U*˝Wr'_ @ @ x=r^f&@ @ @ l{b7] @ @ @)%)t'w @ @ @`@=xbv8 @ @ p UK @ @ @ UĒ @ @ @ O)8[ @ @ @VS={+< @ @ 8*܇7A @ @ jv*y\? @ @ @Զ?